L' Effet de la modification du microbiome intestinal maternel par les antibiotiques sur les comportements associés au trouble du spectre de l’autisme chez la descendance
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.18192/osurj.v5i2.7936Résumé
Le trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) est une condition neurodéveloppementale fréquente qui peut être influencée par de nombreux facteurs, dont plusieurs sont difficiles à prévoir ou à suivre. Comparativement aux personnes neurotypiques, les personnes ayant un TSA présentent souvent une dysbiose intestinale, c’est-à-dire un déséquilibre dans la composition des bactéries intestinales. Ce déséquilibre peut affecter la communication bidirectionnelle entre le microbiome intestinal et le cerveau, aussi appelée l’axe intestin-microbiote-cerveau. Plus précisément, les personnes ayant un TSA présentent généralement une diminution de certaines bactéries, comme les bactéries Gram positives Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus et Firmicutes. À partir de cette observation, il est possible que des variations dans la composition du microbiome aient un effet direct sur le développement du TSA. De plus, les recherches actuelles montrent que les mères ayant un microbiome intestinal présentant des déséquilibres similaires ont plus souvent des enfants ayant un TSA. Cependant, cela ne prouve pas qu’il existe un lien de causalité direct entre la présence de certaines bactéries intestinales chez la mère et leur capacité à influencer le développement neurologique du fœtus. L’objectif de cette recherche est donc de mieux comprendre comment la perturbation du microbiome intestinal maternel causée par une exposition à l’antibiotique vancomycine augmente la dysbiose et influence les résultats neurodéveloppementaux chez la descendance. Même si plusieurs facteurs peuvent modifier la composition du microbiome intestinal, comme l’alimentation, l’activité physique et d’autres habitudes de vie, l’utilisation de la vancomycine permet de provoquer un changement contrôlé du microbiome, puisqu’elle réduit spécifiquement la présence de bactéries Gram positives. Dans cette étude, des souris C57BL/6J seront utilisées. La moitié des souris recevra de la vancomycine, tandis que l’autre moitié recevra un placebo et servira de groupe témoin. Des tests seront ensuite réalisés afin d’évaluer les comportements répétitifs, la sociabilité et les fonctions cognitives. Dans l’ensemble, cette recherche permettra de mieux comprendre le développement et la transmission possible du TSA, tout en contribuant à améliorer sa détection et sa prévention.
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