Effect of Laboratory Adaptation on Male Harm in Drosophila melanogaster

Soroush Rostami; Kehinde Osija; Howard Rundle

doi:10.18192/osurj.v5i2.8057

Effet de l’adaptation en laboratoire sur les dommages masculins chez Drosophila melanogaster

Auteurs-es

Soroush Rostami University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Kehinde Osija University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Howard Rundle University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.18192/osurj.v5i2.8057

Résumé

Les conflits sexuels surviennent lorsque les mâles et les femelles ont des intérêts reproductifs différents, ce qui aboutit souvent à des traits qui améliorent le succès reproducteur des mâles tout en réduisant la condition physique des femelles. Dans Drosophila, un dommage masculin a été largement documenté, dans lequel des traits augmentant le succès reproducteur masculin peuvent également réduire la condition physique féminine. Cette étude étudie si l’adaptation laboratoire influence l’expression des blessures masculines en comparant les descendants adaptés en laboratoire et récents de Drosophila melanogaster collectés à l’état sauvage. Un plan expérimental factoriel 2x2x2 a été utilisé, manipulant l’exposition masculine (faible vs. élevée), le type mâle (adapté en laboratoire vs. sauvage) et le type femelle (adapté en laboratoire vs. sauvage). Les femelles vierges étaient exposées aux mâles pendant plusieurs jours dans des conditions contrôlées, puis isolées pour pondre des œufs en groupes. La condition physique des femelles a été quantifiée en comptant le nombre de petits en eclosion. Le préjudice masculin a été calculé comme la réduction relative de la production reproductive féminine sous une exposition élevée par rapport à une faible exposition masculine. Les résultats indiquent que les blessures masculines étaient globalement significatives, l’exposition accrue réduisant la condition physique féminine. Le préjudice était plus important lorsque les femelles étaient exposées à des mâles de laboratoire qu’à des mâles sauvages (H_lab = 0,54, H_wild = 0,34), soutenu par une interaction significative entre l’exposition des mâles et le type de mâle (F = 9,12, df = 1 149, P = 0,003). Ces résultats suggèrent que les mâles adaptés en laboratoire sont plus dangereux que les mâles sauvages, soulignant l’importance du contexte écologique dans les études sur les conflits sexuels. Ces résultats sont conformément aux travaux antérieurs montrant que des environnements structurellement complexes réduisent l’expression et l’évolution des dommages masculins par rapport aux environnements de laboratoire simplifiés (voir Yun et al., 2017 ; Osijo et al., 2026). Ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent que les conditions de laboratoire standard peuvent surestimer la force des blessures masculines par rapport aux populations naturelles.

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Publié-e

2026-06-17

Numéro

Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)

Rubrique

Résumés d’initiation à la recherche en sciences au premier cycle

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