Comparison of regenerative neurogenesis in response to CNS injury between adult zebrafish and mice
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.18192/osurj.v1i1.3696Résumé
La différence entre le poisson zèbre adulte et les souris quant à leur capacité de régénération après une lésion du système nerveux central (SNC) est influencée par la permissivité du microenvironnement du cerveau, mis à part le potentiel neurogène intrinsèque de la population cellulaire. Chez le poisson zèbre adulte, les cellules gliales conservent en grande partie leurs caractéristiques radiales et leur capacité neurogène. De plus, le cerveau du poisson zèbre démontre un rétablissement complet après une lésion cérébrale traumatique (LCT) et une lésion de la moelle épinière (LME). Inversement, chez les souris, les cellules gliales se différencient en astrocytes. En excluant certaines régions du cerveau, après une LCT, les astrocytes réactifs qui ont le potentiel de devenir des cellules souches neurales (CSN) in vitro demeurent strictement non-neurogènes in vivo, en raison de facteurs inhibiteurs
présents dans le microenvironnement. Combinée avec une inflammation prolongée et une gliose, une lésion du SNC aboutit finalement à la formation d’une cicatrice gliale qui entrave encore la régénération. Cependant, chez les rongeurs, la suppression de la neurogenèse peut constituer un mécanisme de protection contre les effets éventuels de la neurogenèse à long terme.
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