Reconsidération de la signification statistique : le rôle des méthodes bayésiennes dans les sciences de la vie
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.18192/osurj.v5i1.7653Résumé
Le raisonnement statistique sous-tend l’interprétation des résultats expérimentaux dans les sciences de la vie. Pendant des décennies, le test d’hypothèses fréquentistes a dominé la pratique de la recherche, la valeur p servant de référence significative. Pourtant, les valeurs p sont souvent mal comprises et limitées dans ce qu’elles révèlent, et les questions de puissance statistique compliquent encore davantage l’inférence. Les méthodes bayésiennes offrent un cadre alternatif qui répond à plusieurs de ces limitations. En incorporant des connaissances préalables et en comparant les probabilités d’hypothèses concurrentes, l’inférence bayésienne permet de produire des mesures plus riches telles que les facteurs bayesiens, les probabilités postérieures et les intervalles crédibles. Cependant, les approches bayésiennes présentent également des défis, notamment la subjectivité des priors et l’intensité computationnelle des modèles complexes. Cette revue synthétise les différences conceptuelles et pratiques entre les approches fréquentistes et bayésiennes, en portant une attention particulière à leurs implications pour la conception expérimentale, les considérations éthiques et l’interprétation dans la recherche biologique moderne. Il examine également comment les normes disciplinaires, la complexité des données et les contraintes normatives influencent les préférences méthodologiques selon les domaines. Plutôt que de présenter les deux paradigmes comme des cadres concurrents, ce travail plaide en faveur du bilinguisme statistique comme fondation nécessaire pour une inférence scientifique transparente, consciente du contexte et reproductible.
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
OSURJ Publication Rights Policy Agreement
Please fill in the following blanks.
I, ____________________ (submitting author) am submitting an article to the University of Ottawa Science Undergraduate Research Journal (OSURJ) entitled _________________________________________________________________________
- OSURJ Mandate:
The University of Ottawa Science Undergraduate Research Journal is a bilingual multidisciplinary open-access and non-proprietary journal. A journal of this nature embraces all disciplines of science and is the result of a collaborative effort between undergraduate, graduate, and faculty members. Our goal is to provide invaluable publishing and submission process experience to undergraduate students and ultimately to promote undergraduate research within the uOttawa community.
- Review Process of OSURJ
OSURJ uses a double-blind review process. The submitted article is first reviewed by the Editor-in-Chief(s) to confirm whether the submission is within the scope of OSURJ. After which, it is sent to the managing editor(s) who assign the article to the relevant undergraduate associate reviewer and graduate or faculty reviewer for independent review. The reviewers recommend to either reject, accept, or conditionally accept the article with revisions required. Based on the recommendations from both reviewers, the Co-Editor-in-Chief(s) make(s) the final decision regarding publication.
III. Proprietorship and Author Rights:
Authors retain all copyrights to their research and original data and may publish in other journals at the journal’s discretion. OSURJ acknowledges that all information submitted by the author(s) is their intellectual property and therefore any republication of such property is not allowed without written consent from the submitting author(s). Articles published in OSURJ may be published in other journals. However, authors should be made aware that other publishers may not permit the republication of original research published in an undergraduate journal such as OSURJ. Consequently, the author should consult the publication policies of other journals, and all relevant parties should be made aware of this possibility before proceeding with article submission.
- Falsification of Data:
Methods for the acquisition and analysis of data should be accurately and fully displayed to allow for replication by other researchers. Data fabrication and alteration is unethical and may lead to unfounded conclusions. As such, it is not permitted by OSURJ.
- Statement of Originality
The author(s) confirms that their submission, including all content, phrases, graphics and figures are their own. The article demonstrates the author’s own work and skill. The author is aware that plagiarism (the use of someone else's work without their permission and/or without acknowledging the original source) is wrong. They confirm that ALL the work submitted for consideration is their own work and confirms to explicitly indicate and source outside material. The author recognizes that failure to comply with academic integrity could result in disqualification from the journal or other measures.
- Permission from All Contributors:
- Given that research is collaboratively conducted with professors and other students, OSURJ requires that all contributors (co-authors, primary investigators, lab managers, supervisors) consent to the submission of the article to OSURJ.
- Any person listed as an author of an article must have contributed greatly to the data, analysis or interpretation of said data and should provide approval of the submitted version. It is unethical to not list those who contributed to the standards of an author and to include those who do not meet the criteria for authorship.
- For articles with multiple authors, primary, secondary (etc.) author status must also be agreed upon. As the submitting author, you must declare that you have read this publication agreement and grant your permission for OSURJ to publish the submitted article. You must also declare that all contributors with claims to this intellectual property have read this agreement and have signed below.
VII. Conflict of Interest Disclosure:
Authors must disclose any financial, academic, or personal relationships that could be perceived to influence the research or its interpretation. If no conflicts exist, authors must state: “The authors declare no conflicts of interest.”
____________________________________________________________
VIII. Research Ethics Compliance
Authors must confirm that any research involving human participants, animals, or sensitive data received appropriate institutional ethics approval and was conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines. Documentation may be requested by OSURJ.
- Use of AI Tools
Authors must disclose any use of generative AI tools in writing, data analysis, or figure preparation. AI tools may not be listed as authors and must not be used to generate falsified data or citations.
As the submitting author, I hereby declare that I have read this publication agreement and grant my permission for OSURJ to publish the submitted article. I also declare that all contributors with claims to this intellectual property have read this agreement and have signed below.
Signed,
______________________________ _______________________________ ________
Name of submitting Author Signature Date
As a contributing investigator/supervisor/author, I hereby declare that I have read this publication agreement and grant my permission for OSURJ to publish the submitted article. I also declare that I understand that re-publication of this article after publication in this journal, while permitted by OSURJ, might not be permitted by other scholarly journals.
Signed,
______________________________ _______________________________ ________
Name (indicate role) Signature Date
______________________________ _______________________________ ________
Name (indicate role) Signature Date
______________________________ _______________________________ ________
Name (indicate role) Signature Date
______________________________ _______________________________ ________
Name (indicate role) Signature Date
______________________________ _______________________________ ________
Name (indicate role) Signature Date
