La personnalité influence-t-elle la tolérance à l’hypoxie chez le poisson-zèbre, Petit danio?
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.18192/osurj.v5i2.8051Résumé
Les poissons-zèbres élevés en laboratoire (Petit danio) présentent une variation individuelle substantielle de la tolérance à l’hypoxie, mesurée par le temps de survie en conditions de faible teneur en oxygène. Dans notre population de laboratoire, certains individus perdent leur équilibre en quelques minutes, tandis que d’autres tolèrent l’hypoxie pendant de longues périodes. Bien que des traits physiologiques tels que l’affinité hémoglobine-oxygène et la surface branchiale soient connus pour influencer la tolérance à l’hypoxie, des différences comportementales peuvent également contribuer à expliquer cette variation. Ce projet a examiné si des traits de personnalité, tels que l’audace, étaient associés à la tolérance à l’hypoxie chez le poisson-zèbre. La personnalité a été évaluée par deux tests comportementaux : le nouveau test de plongée en bassin et le test d’émergence, qui ont été répétés à une semaine d’intervalle pour déterminer leur répétabilité. L’audace a été quantifiée à l’aide de la latence pour atteindre le sommet (test du nouveau tank) et de la latence pour émerger (test d’émergence), où des latences plus longues indiquent une personnalité plus averse au risque (moins audacieuse). Les réponses comportementales lors de l’exposition à l’hypoxie ont également été mesurées, notamment les niveaux d’activité et la respiration de surface aquatique (RSA). La RSA est un comportement par lequel les poissons ventilent à l’interface air-eau, où la concentration en oxygène est plus élevée. L’utilisation de ce comportement peut refléter une variation de l’audace en cas de faible oxygène, car cela implique de se rendre dans une zone exposée et de prendre un risque ou de se mettre en danger. Les indicateurs comportementaux ont été comparés au temps jusqu’à la perte d’équilibre afin de déterminer si des profils comportementaux cohérents corréleraient avec la tolérance à l’hypoxie. Ce projet vise à mieux comprendre comment la personnalité peut influencer la réponse d’un individu à l’hypoxie, en tenant compte des approches comportementales et physiologiques.
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