Role of Estrogen Receptors in Male Reproductive Physiology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18192/riss-ijhs.v3i1.1452Keywords:
GPR30, GPER1, male reproduction, signalling, xenoestrogenAbstract
Canonical estrogen receptors (ER α/β) have a genomic mechanism of action, functioning as nuclear transcription factors for estrogen-dependent genes. Estrogen receptors are well established within the male reproductive tract with estrogen playing an essential role for male fertility.
The recent characterization of novel G-protein coupled estrogen receptor GPR30 (alternatively known as GPER1), depending on non-genomic intracellular signaling pathways to transduce estrogenic signals, requires a re-examination of the roles of estrogen receptors in male reproduction. Further, the affinity of environmental estrogens (xenoestrogens) for estrogen receptor subtypes may provide additional understanding of the reproductive effects of these chemicals on male fertility.
Here we review the structure and functions of each estrogen receptor within the context of male reproduction, with special consideration of the reproductive implications of xenoestrogen exposure.
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Thomas, P., & Dong, J. (2006). Binding and activation of the seven-transmembrane estrogen receptor GPR30 by environmental estrogens: A potential novel mechanism of endocrine disruption. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 102(1-5), 175-179. doi: 10.1016/ j.jsbmb.2006.09.017
Chimento, A., Sirianni, R., Delalande, C., Silandre, D., Bois, C., Andò, S., ... Pezzi, V. (2010). 17 [beta]-estradiol activates rapid signaling pathways involved in rat pachytene spermatocytes apoptosis through GPR30 and ER (alpha). Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 320(1-2), 136-144. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.01.035
Filardo, E. J., Quinn, J. A., Bland, K. I., & Frackelton Jr, A. R. (2000). Estrogen-induced activation of Erk-1 and Erk-2 requires the G protein-coupled receptor homolog, GPR30, and occurs via trans-activation of the epidermal growth
Funakoshi, T., Yanai, A., Shinoda, K., Kawano, M. M., & Mizukami, Y. (2006). G protein-coupled receptor 30 is an estrogen receptor in the plasma membrane. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 346(3), 904- 910. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.191
Hess, R. A. (2003). Estrogen in the adult male reproductive tract: A review. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 1(1), 52-66.
Hess, R. A., Bunick, D., Lee, K. H., Bahr, J., Taylor, J. A., Korach, K. S., & Lubahn, D.B. (1997). A role for oestrogens in the male reproductive system. Nature, 6659, 509-511. doi: 10.1038/37352
Howdeshell, K. L., Peterman, P. H., Judy, B. M., Taylor, J. A., Orazio, C. E., Ruhlen, R. L... Welshons, W.V. (2003). Bisphenol A is released from used polycarbonate animal cages into water at room temperature. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(9), 1180. Retrieved from http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241572/
Kelly, M. J., & Wagner, E. J. (1999). Estrogen modulation of G-protein-coupled receptors. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10(9), 369-374.
Kuiper, G. G. J. M., Carlsson, B., Grandien, K., Enmark, E., Häggblad, J., Nilsson, S., & Gustafsson, J.A. (1997). Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors α and β. Endocrinology, 138(3), 863-870. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/ endo.138.3.4979#sthash.ybf8R6NW.dpuf
Lannigan, D. A. (2003). Estrogen receptor phosphorylation. Steroids, 68(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1016/S0039-128X(02) 00110-1
Lucas, T. F. G., Royer, C., Siu, E. R., Lazari, M. F. M., & Porto, C. S. (2010). Expression and signaling of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) in rat sertoli cells. Biology of Reproduction, 83(2), 307-317. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.084160
O’Donnell, L., Robertson, K. M., Jones, M. E., & Simpson, E. R. (2001). Estrogen and spermatogenesis. Endocrine Reviews, 22(3), 289-318. Retrieved from http:// dx.doi.org/10.1210/edrv.22.3.0431
Olde, B., & Leeb-Lundberg, L. (2009). GPR30/GPER1: Searching for a role in estrogen physiology. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 20(8), 409-416. doi: 10.1016/ j.tem.2009.04.006
Otto, C., Fuchs, I., Kauselmann, G., Kern, H., Zevnik, B., Andreasen, P., et al. (2009). GPR30 does not mediate estrogenic responses in reproductive organs in mice. Biology of Reproduction, 80(1), 34-41. doi: 10.1095/ biolreprod.108.071175
Otto, C., Rohde-Schulz, B., Schwarz, G., Fuchs, I., Klewer, M., Brittain, D., et al. (2008). G protein-coupled receptor 30 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and is not activated by estradiol. Endocrinology, 149(10), 4846-4856. doi: 10.1210/en.2008-0269
Prossnitz, E. R., Arterburn, J. B., Smith, H. O., Oprea, T. I., Sklar, L. A., & Hathaway, H. J. (2008). Estrogen signaling through the transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor GPR30. Annual Review of Physiology, 70, 165-190. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100518
Prossnitz, E. R., & Maggiolini, M. (2009). Mechanisms of estrogen signaling and gene expression via GPR30. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 308(1), 32-38. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.03.026
Razandi, M., Pedram, A., Greene, G. L., & Levin, E. R. (1999). Cell membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) originate from a single transcript: Studies of ERα and Erβ expressed in Chinese hamster ovary
cells. Molecular Endocrinology, 13(2), 307-319.
Shughrue, P. J., & Merchenthaler, I. (2000). Estrogen is more than just a “sex hormone”: Novel sites for estrogen action in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 21(1), 95-101. doi: 10.1006/ frne.1999.0190
Simoncini, T., & Genazzani, A. R. (2003). Non-genomic actions of sex steroid hormones. European Journal of Endocrinology, 148(3), 281-292. doi: 10.1530/eje.0.1480281
Swedenborg, E., Rüegg, J., Mäkelä, S., & Pongratz, I. (2009). Endocrine disruptive chemicals: Mechanisms of action and involvement in metabolic disorders. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, 43(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1677/JME- 08-0132
Thomas, P., & Dong, J. (2006). Binding and activation of the seven-transmembrane estrogen receptor GPR30 by environmental estrogens: A potential novel mechanism of endocrine disruption. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 102(1-5), 175-179. doi: 10.1016/ j.jsbmb.2006.09.017
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