Les Risques Associés à l’Utilisation Inappropriée des Stéroïdes Anabolisants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18192/riss-ijhs.v1i1.1528Keywords:
N/AAbstract
Notre société met une emphase énorme sur la beauté et la performance physique. Il n’est donc pas surprenant qu’une tranche importante de celle-ci prenne recourt à des méthodes drastiques qui lui permettront de s’approcher ou d’atteindre ces objectifs. Une des méthodes devenue populaire est l’utilisation inappropriée de stéroïdes anabolisants. Plusieurs études ont évalué les effets néfastes et indésirables de ces composés à des doses supra-physiologiques. Nous présentons donc une révision et synthèse de ces effets dans le but de mieux comprendre les effets néfastes de ce composé lorsqu’il est utilisé de façon inappropriée.
References
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Battista, V., Combs, J., & Warme, W. J. (2003). Asynchronous Bilateral Achilles Tendon Ruptures and Androstenediol Use. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(6), 1007-1009.
Bhasin, S., Storer, T.W., Berman, N., Callegari, C., Cleveng- er, B. A., Phillips, J., ...Casaburi, R. (1996). The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men. New England Journal of Medicine, 335, 1-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199607043350101
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Bonetti, A., Tirelli, F., Catapano, A., Dazzi, D., Dei Cas, A., Solito, F., .... Magnati, G. (2008). Side Effects of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Abuse. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(8), 679-687. doi: 10.1055/s-2007- 965808
Boyadjiev, N. P., Georgieva, K. N., Massaldjieva, R. I., & Gueorguiev, S. I. (2000). Reversible hypogonadism and azoospermia as a result of anabolic-androgenic steroid use in a body builder with personality disorder: A case report. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 40(3), 271-275.
Braseth, N. R., Allison, E. J. Jr., & Gough, J. E. (2001). Exertional rhabdomyolysis in a body builder abusing anabolic androgenic steroids. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 8(2), 155-157.
Buckley, W. E., Yesalis III, C. E., Friedl, K. E., Anderson, W. A., Streit, A. L., & Wright, J. E. (1988). Estimated prevalence of anabolic steroid use among male high school seniors. JAMA, 260, 3441-3445. doi: 10.1001/ jama.1988.03410230059028
Clark, B. M., & Schofield, R. S. (2005). Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Acute Liver Injury Associated with Combined Use of Ephedra, g-Hydroxybutyrate, and Anabolic Steroids. Pharmacotherapy, 25(5), 756-761. doi: 10.1592/ phco.25.5.756.63592
Climstein, M., O'Shea, P., Adams, K. J., & DeBeliso, M. (2003}. The effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids upon resting and peak exercise left ventricular heart wall motion kinetics in male strength and power athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 6(4): 387-397.
Daher, E. F., Silva Júnior, G. B., Queiroz, A. L., Ramos, L. M. A., Santos, S. Q., Barreto, D. M. S.,...Patrocínio, R. M. S. V. (2009). Acute kidney injury due to anabolic steroid and vitamin supplement abuse: report of two cases and a literature review. International Urology and Nephrology, 41(3), 717-723. doi: 10.1007/s11255-009-9571-8
Daly, R. C., Su, T. P., Schmidt, P. J., Pagliaro, M., Pickar, D., & Rubinow, D. R. (2003). Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of high-dose anabolic steroid administration in male normal volunteers. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 28 (3), 317-331. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4530(02)00025-2
D’Andrea, A., Caso, P., Salerno, G., Scarafile, R., De Corato, G., Mita, C.,...Calabrò, R. (2007). Left ventricular early myocardial dysfunction after chronic misuse of anabolic androgenic steroids: a Doppler myocardial and strain imaging analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(3), 149 -155. doi: bjsm.2006.030171v1
Dickerman, R. D., & Jaikumar, S. (2001). The Hiccup Reflex Arc and Persistent Hiccups with High-dose Anabolic Steroids: Is the Brainstem the Steroid-Responsive Locus? Clinical Neuropharmacology, 24(1), 62-64. doi: 10.1097/00002826-200101000-00011
Di Paoloa, M., Agozzinob, M., Tonia, C., Luciania, A. B., Molendinic, L., Scaglionec, M.,...Arbustini, E. (2007). Sudden anabolic steroid abuse-related death in athletes. International Journal of Cardiology, 114(1), 114-117. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.11.033
Ebenbichler, C. F., Kaser, S., Bodner, J., Gander, R., Lechleitner, M. Herold, M., & J. Patsch, R. (2001). Hyperhomocysteinemia in bodybuilders taking anabolic steroids. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 12(1), 43-47. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0953-6205(00) 00131-X
Ebenbichler, C. F., Sturma, W., Gänzera, H., Bodnerb, J., Mangwethb, B., Ritscha, A.,...Patscha, J. R. (2001). Flow- mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is impaired in male body builders taking anabolic-androgenic steroids. Atherosclerosis, 158(2), 483-490. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00465-8
Farkash, U., Shabshin, N., & Pritsch, M. (2009). Rhabdomyolysis of the Deltoid Muscle in a Bodybuilder Using Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: A Case Report. Journal of Athletic Training, 44(1), 98–100. Retrieved from 10.4085/1062-6050-44.1.98
Graham, M. R., Grace, F. M., Boobier, W., Hullin, D., Kicman, A., Cowan, D.,...Baker, J. S. (2006). Homocysteine induced cardiovascular events: a consequence of long term anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(7), 644-648. doi: 10.1136/ bjsm.2005.025668
Hartung, R., Gerth, J., Fünfstück, R., Gröne, H. J., & Stein, G. (2001). End-stage renal disease in a bodybuilder: a multifactorial process or simply doping? Nephrol Dial Transplant, 16(1), 163-165. doi: 10.1093/ndt/16.1.163
Kanayama, G., Hudson, J. I., Harrison, G., & Pope, Jr. (2008). Long-term psychiatric and medical consequences of anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse: A looming public health concern? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 98(1-2), 1- 12. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.05.004
Karila, T. A. M., Karjalainen, J. E., Mäntysaari, M. J., Viitasalo, M. T. & Seppälä, T. A. (2003). Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Produce Dose-Dependent Increase in Left Ventricular Mass in Power Athletes, and this Effect is Potentiated by Concomitant Use of Growth Hormone. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 24(5), 337-343. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-40702
Karila, T., Hovatta, O., & Seppälä, T. (2004). Concomitant Abuse of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Impairs Spermatogenesis in Power Athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(4), 257-263. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-819936
Kasikcioglu, E., Oflaz, H., Umman, B., & Bugra, Z. (2008). Androgenic anabolic steroids also impair right ventricular function. International journal of cardiology, 134(1), 123- 125. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.12.027
Kutscher, E. C., Lund, B. C., & Perry, P.J. (2002). Anabolic steroids: A Review for the Clinician. Sports Med, 32(5), 285-296.
Mottram, D. R., & George, A. J. (2000). Anabolic steroids. Baillière’s Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 14(1), 55-69. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/beem.2000.0053
Pärssinen, M., Kujala, U., Vartiainen, E., Sarna, S., & Seppälä, T. (2000). Increased Premature Mortality of Competitive Powerlifters Suspected to Have Used Anabolic Agents. International Journal of Sports Medecine, 21(3), 225-227. doi: 10.1055/s-2000-304
Petrocelli, M., Oberweis, T., & Petrocelli, J. (2008). Getting Huge, Getting Ripped: A Qualitative Exploration of Recreational Steroid Use. Journal of Drug Issues, 38(4), 1187- 1205. doi: 10.1177/002204260803800412
Urhausen, A., Albers, T., & Kindermann, W. (2004). Are the cardiac effects of anabolic steroid abuse in strength athletes reversible? Heart, 90(5), 496–501. doi: 10.1136/ hrt.2003.015719
Wysoczanski, M., Rachko, M., & Bergmann, S.R. (2008). Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Young Man Using Anabolic Steroids. Angiology, 59(3), 376-378. doi: 10.1177/0003319707304883
Aitkena, C., Delalandeb, C., & Stanton, K. (2002). Pumping iron, risking infection? Exposure to hepatitis C, hepatitis B and HIV among anabolic–androgenic steroid injectors in Victoria, Australia. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 65(3), 303-308. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0376 -8716(01)00174-0
Alaraj, A. M, Chamoun, R. B., Dahdaleh, N. S., Haddad, G. F., & Comair, Y. G. (2004). Case Report. Spontaneous sub- dural haematoma in anabolic steroids dependent weight lifters: reports of two cases and review of literature. Acta Neurochir, 147, 85–88. doi: 10.1007/s00701-004-0415-0
Al-Ismail, K., Torreggiani, W. C., Munk, P. L., & Nicolaou, S. (2002). Gluteal mass in a bodybuilder: radiological depiction of a complication of anabolic steroid use. European Radiology, 12(6), 1366-1369. doi: 10.1007/s00330-001- 1169-1
Bagia, S., Hewitt, P. M., & Morris, D. L. (2000). Anabolic steroid-induced hepatic adenomas with spontaneous haemorrhage in a bodybuilder. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Surgery, 70(9), 686–687. doi: 10.1046/j.1440- 1622.2000.01932.x
Bahia, H., Platt, A., Hart, N. B., & Baguley, P. (2000). Case Report. Anabolic steroid accelerated multicompartment syndrome following trauma. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(4), 308-309. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.34.4.308
Battista, V., Combs, J., & Warme, W. J. (2003). Asynchronous Bilateral Achilles Tendon Ruptures and Androstenediol Use. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(6), 1007-1009.
Bhasin, S., Storer, T.W., Berman, N., Callegari, C., Cleveng- er, B. A., Phillips, J., ...Casaburi, R. (1996). The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men. New England Journal of Medicine, 335, 1-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199607043350101
Bispo, M., Valente, A., Maldonado, R., Palma, R., Glória, H., Nóbrega, J., & Alexandrino, P. (2009). Anabolic steroid -induced cardiomyopathy underlying acute liver failure in a young bodybuilder. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 15(23), 2920-2922. doi: 10.3748/wjg.15.2920
Bolding, G., Sherr, L., & Elford, J. (2002). Use of anabolic steroids and associated health risks among gay men attending London gyms. Addiction, 97(2), 195-203. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00031.x
Bonetti, A., Tirelli, F., Catapano, A., Dazzi, D., Dei Cas, A., Solito, F., .... Magnati, G. (2008). Side Effects of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Abuse. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(8), 679-687. doi: 10.1055/s-2007- 965808
Boyadjiev, N. P., Georgieva, K. N., Massaldjieva, R. I., & Gueorguiev, S. I. (2000). Reversible hypogonadism and azoospermia as a result of anabolic-androgenic steroid use in a body builder with personality disorder: A case report. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 40(3), 271-275.
Braseth, N. R., Allison, E. J. Jr., & Gough, J. E. (2001). Exertional rhabdomyolysis in a body builder abusing anabolic androgenic steroids. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 8(2), 155-157.
Buckley, W. E., Yesalis III, C. E., Friedl, K. E., Anderson, W. A., Streit, A. L., & Wright, J. E. (1988). Estimated prevalence of anabolic steroid use among male high school seniors. JAMA, 260, 3441-3445. doi: 10.1001/ jama.1988.03410230059028
Clark, B. M., & Schofield, R. S. (2005). Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Acute Liver Injury Associated with Combined Use of Ephedra, g-Hydroxybutyrate, and Anabolic Steroids. Pharmacotherapy, 25(5), 756-761. doi: 10.1592/ phco.25.5.756.63592
Climstein, M., O'Shea, P., Adams, K. J., & DeBeliso, M. (2003}. The effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids upon resting and peak exercise left ventricular heart wall motion kinetics in male strength and power athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 6(4): 387-397.
Daher, E. F., Silva Júnior, G. B., Queiroz, A. L., Ramos, L. M. A., Santos, S. Q., Barreto, D. M. S.,...Patrocínio, R. M. S. V. (2009). Acute kidney injury due to anabolic steroid and vitamin supplement abuse: report of two cases and a literature review. International Urology and Nephrology, 41(3), 717-723. doi: 10.1007/s11255-009-9571-8
Daly, R. C., Su, T. P., Schmidt, P. J., Pagliaro, M., Pickar, D., & Rubinow, D. R. (2003). Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of high-dose anabolic steroid administration in male normal volunteers. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 28 (3), 317-331. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4530(02)00025-2
D’Andrea, A., Caso, P., Salerno, G., Scarafile, R., De Corato, G., Mita, C.,...Calabrò, R. (2007). Left ventricular early myocardial dysfunction after chronic misuse of anabolic androgenic steroids: a Doppler myocardial and strain imaging analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(3), 149 -155. doi: bjsm.2006.030171v1
Dickerman, R. D., & Jaikumar, S. (2001). The Hiccup Reflex Arc and Persistent Hiccups with High-dose Anabolic Steroids: Is the Brainstem the Steroid-Responsive Locus? Clinical Neuropharmacology, 24(1), 62-64. doi: 10.1097/00002826-200101000-00011
Di Paoloa, M., Agozzinob, M., Tonia, C., Luciania, A. B., Molendinic, L., Scaglionec, M.,...Arbustini, E. (2007). Sudden anabolic steroid abuse-related death in athletes. International Journal of Cardiology, 114(1), 114-117. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.11.033
Ebenbichler, C. F., Kaser, S., Bodner, J., Gander, R., Lechleitner, M. Herold, M., & J. Patsch, R. (2001). Hyperhomocysteinemia in bodybuilders taking anabolic steroids. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 12(1), 43-47. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0953-6205(00) 00131-X
Ebenbichler, C. F., Sturma, W., Gänzera, H., Bodnerb, J., Mangwethb, B., Ritscha, A.,...Patscha, J. R. (2001). Flow- mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is impaired in male body builders taking anabolic-androgenic steroids. Atherosclerosis, 158(2), 483-490. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00465-8
Farkash, U., Shabshin, N., & Pritsch, M. (2009). Rhabdomyolysis of the Deltoid Muscle in a Bodybuilder Using Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: A Case Report. Journal of Athletic Training, 44(1), 98–100. Retrieved from 10.4085/1062-6050-44.1.98
Graham, M. R., Grace, F. M., Boobier, W., Hullin, D., Kicman, A., Cowan, D.,...Baker, J. S. (2006). Homocysteine induced cardiovascular events: a consequence of long term anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(7), 644-648. doi: 10.1136/ bjsm.2005.025668
Hartung, R., Gerth, J., Fünfstück, R., Gröne, H. J., & Stein, G. (2001). End-stage renal disease in a bodybuilder: a multifactorial process or simply doping? Nephrol Dial Transplant, 16(1), 163-165. doi: 10.1093/ndt/16.1.163
Kanayama, G., Hudson, J. I., Harrison, G., & Pope, Jr. (2008). Long-term psychiatric and medical consequences of anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse: A looming public health concern? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 98(1-2), 1- 12. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.05.004
Karila, T. A. M., Karjalainen, J. E., Mäntysaari, M. J., Viitasalo, M. T. & Seppälä, T. A. (2003). Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Produce Dose-Dependent Increase in Left Ventricular Mass in Power Athletes, and this Effect is Potentiated by Concomitant Use of Growth Hormone. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 24(5), 337-343. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-40702
Karila, T., Hovatta, O., & Seppälä, T. (2004). Concomitant Abuse of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Impairs Spermatogenesis in Power Athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(4), 257-263. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-819936
Kasikcioglu, E., Oflaz, H., Umman, B., & Bugra, Z. (2008). Androgenic anabolic steroids also impair right ventricular function. International journal of cardiology, 134(1), 123- 125. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.12.027
Kutscher, E. C., Lund, B. C., & Perry, P.J. (2002). Anabolic steroids: A Review for the Clinician. Sports Med, 32(5), 285-296.
Mottram, D. R., & George, A. J. (2000). Anabolic steroids. Baillière’s Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 14(1), 55-69. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/beem.2000.0053
Pärssinen, M., Kujala, U., Vartiainen, E., Sarna, S., & Seppälä, T. (2000). Increased Premature Mortality of Competitive Powerlifters Suspected to Have Used Anabolic Agents. International Journal of Sports Medecine, 21(3), 225-227. doi: 10.1055/s-2000-304
Petrocelli, M., Oberweis, T., & Petrocelli, J. (2008). Getting Huge, Getting Ripped: A Qualitative Exploration of Recreational Steroid Use. Journal of Drug Issues, 38(4), 1187- 1205. doi: 10.1177/002204260803800412
Urhausen, A., Albers, T., & Kindermann, W. (2004). Are the cardiac effects of anabolic steroid abuse in strength athletes reversible? Heart, 90(5), 496–501. doi: 10.1136/ hrt.2003.015719
Wysoczanski, M., Rachko, M., & Bergmann, S.R. (2008). Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Young Man Using Anabolic Steroids. Angiology, 59(3), 376-378. doi: 10.1177/0003319707304883
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