Critique of a Community-Based Population Health Intervention in First Nations Community: Public Health and Cultural Anthropology Perspectives
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.18192/riss-ijhs.v6i1.1724Mots-clés :
Health determinants, population health intervention, public health, cultural anthropology, diabetes preventionRésumé
Launched as a community-based partnership endeavour, the Sandy Lake Health and Diabetes Project (SLHDP) aimed to prevent diabetes in a First Nations community (FNC) in Toronto. With active engagement of the key stakeholders, SLHDP conducted a series of studies that explored public health needs, priorities, and the contexts. These led to the adoption of a variety of culturally appropriate health interventions, addressing several health determinants such as health education, physical environments, nutrition, personal health practices, health services, and FNC culture. SLHDP built reciprocal capacity for both the community stakeholders and academic partners, thus evolved as a model of population health intervention. The school components are being scaled-up in other parts of FNCs in Canada. This paper presents a critique from public health and medical anthropology perspectives and draws evidence-based recommendations on how such programs can do better.
Références
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Brave Heart, M. Y., & DeBruyn, L. M. (1998). The American Indian holocaust: Healing historical unresolved grief. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 8(2), 56-78. doi:10.5820/aian.0802.1998.60
Browne, A. J., Smye, V. L., & Varcoe, C. (2005). The relevance of postcolonial theoretical perspectives to research in Aboriginal health. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 37(4), 16-37.
Calma, T. (2009). A human rights based approach to social and emotional wellbeing. Australasian Psychiatry, 17(Suppl 1), S15–S19. doi:10.1080/10398560902948613
Cargo, M., Marks, E., Brimblecombe, J., Scarlett, M., Maypilama, E., Dhurrkay, J. G., & Daniel, M. (2011). Integrating an ecological approach into an Aboriginal community-based chronic disease prevention program: A longitudinal process evaluation. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 299-307. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-299
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (March 2014). The 10 essential public health services: An overview. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nphpsp/documents/ essential-phs.pdf
Chambers, D. A., Glasgow. R. E., & Stange, K. C. (2013). The dynamic sustainability framework: Addressing the paradox of sustainment amid ongoing change. Implementation Science, 8(1), 1. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-8-117
Darity, W. A. (2008). International encyclopedia of the social sciences. Detroit, MI: Macmillan.
Department of Health. (1988). Independent inquiry into inequalities in health. London, UK: Acheson.
Edwards, N., & Di Ruggiero, E. (2011). Exploring which context matters in the study of health inequities and their mitigation. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 39(Suppl 6), 43-49. doi:10.1177/1403494810393558
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Kakekagumick, K. E., Naqshbandi, H. M., Harris, S. B., Saksvig, B., Gittelsohn, J., Manokeesic, G., … Hanley, A. J. (2013). Sandy lake health and diabetes project: A community-based intervention targeting type 2 diabetes and its risk factors in a First Nations community. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 4(170), 1-9. doi:10.3389/fendo.2013.00170
Krieger, N. (2011). Epidemiology and the people's health: Theory and context. International Journal of Epidemiology, 40(4), 1130-1132. doi:10.1093/ije/dyr075
Lehmann, D., Tennant, M. T., Silva, D. T., McAullay, D., Lannigan, F., Coates, H., & Stanley, F. J. (2003). Benefits of swimming pools in two remote Aboriginal communities in Western Australia: Intervention study. British Medical Journal, 327(7412), 415-419. doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7412.415
Lytle, L. A., & Fulkerson, J. A. (2002). Assessing the dietary environment: Examples from school-based nutrition interventions. Public Health Nutrition, 5(6A), 893-899. doi:10.1079/PHN2002384
Macaulay, A. C., Harris, S. B., Lévesque, L., Cargo, M., Ford, E., Salsberg, J.,…Receveur, O. (2003). Primary prevention of type 2 diabetes: Experiences of 2 Aboriginal communities in Canada. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 27(4), 464-475.
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Mendenhall, E., Seligman, R. A., Fernandez, A., & Jacobs, E. A. (2010). Speaking through diabetes: Rethinking the significance of lay discourses on diabetes. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 24(2), 220-239. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1387.2010.01098.x
Mendenhall, E., Seligman, R. A., Fernandez, A., & Jacobs, E. A. (2010). Speaking through diabetes: Rethinking the significance of lay discourses on diabetes. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 24(2), 220-239. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1387.2010.01098.x
Merzel, C., & D’Afflitti, J. (2003). Reconsidering community-based health promotion: Promise, performance, and potential. American Journal of Public Health, 93(4), 557– 574.
Moore, S., Salsberg, J., & Leroux, J. (2013). Advancing social capital intervention from a network and population health perspective. In Ichiro, K., Soshi, T., & Subramanian, S.V. (Eds.) Global perspectives on social capital and health (189-203). New York, NY: Springer.
Ndumbe-Eyoh, S., & Moffatt, H. (2013). Intersectoral action for health equity: A rapid systematic review. BMC Public Health, 13, 1056. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1056
Neegan, E. (2005). Excuse me: Who are the first peoples of Canada? A historical analysis of Aboriginal education in Canada then and now. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 9(1), 3-15. doi:10.1080/1360311042000299757
Potvin, L., Cargo, M., McComber, A. M., Delormier, T., & Macaulay, A. C. (2003). Implementing participatory intervention and research in communities: lessons from the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project in Canada. Social Science & Medicine, 56(6), 1295-1305.
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Reilly, R. E., Cincotta, M., Doyle, J., Firebrace, B. R., Cargo, M., van den Tol, G., . . . Heart Health Project Steering Committee. (2011). A pilot study of Aboriginal health promotion from an ecological perspective. BMC Public Health, 11, 749-757. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-749
Robertson, L. H. (2006). The residential school experience: Syndrome or historic trauma. Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenous Community Health, 4(1), 1-28.
Rock, M. (2003). Sweet blood and social suffering: Rethinking cause-effect relationships in diabetes, distress, and duress. Medical Anthropology, 22(2), 131-174. doi:10.1080/01459740306764
Rose, G. (1985). Sick individuals and sick populations. International Journal of Epidemiology, 14(1), 32-38. doi:10.1093/ije/14.1.32
Rowley, K. G., Daniel, M., Skinner, K., Skinner, M., White, G.A., & O’Dea, K. (2000). Effectiveness of a community-directed healthy lifestyle program in a remote Australian Aboriginal community. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 24(2), 136-144. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2000.tb00133.x
Rowley, K. G., Su, Q., Cincotta, M., Skinner, M., Skinner, K., Pindan, B., . . . O’Dea, K. (2011). Improvements in circulating cholesterol, antioxidants, and homocysteine after dietary intervention in an Australian Aboriginal community. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(4), 442-448.
Saksvig, B. I., Gittelsohn, J., Harris, S. B., Hanley, A. J., Valente, T. W., & Zinman, B. (2005). A pilot school-based healthy eating and physical activity intervention improves diet, food knowledge, and self-efficacy for native Canadian children. Journal of Nutrition, 135(10), 2392-2398.
Scheper-Hughes, N., & Lock, M. M. (1987). The mindful body: A prolegomenon to future work in medical anthropology. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 1(1), 6-41. doi:10.1525/maq.1987.1.1.02a00020
Schoenberg, N. E., Drew, E. M., Stoller, E. P., & Kart, C. S. (2005). Situating stress: Lessons from lay discourses on diabetes. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 19(2), 171-193. doi:10.1525/maq.2005.19.2.171
Shaw, R. L., Holland, C., Pattison, H. M., & Cooke, R. (2016). Patients' perceptions and experiences of cardiovascular disease and diabetes prevention programmes: A systematic review and framework synthesis using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Social Science & Medicine, 156, 192-203. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.03.015.
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Stanford University. (n.d.). Medical anthropology. Retrieved from https://anthropology.stanford.edu/research-projects/medical-anthropology
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Tabak, R. G., Sinclair, K. A., Baumann, A. A., Racette, S. B., Sebert Kuhlmann, A., Johnson-Jennings, M. D., & Brownson, R. C. (2015). A review of diabetes prevention program translations: Use of cultural adaptation and implementation research. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 5(4), 401 -414. doi:10.1007/s13142-015-0341-0
Thrasher, J. F., Campbell, M. K., & Oates, V. (2004). Behavior-specific social support for healthy behaviors among African American church members: Applying optimal matching theory. Health Education Behavior, 31(2), 193-205. doi:10.1177/1090198103259184
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Honouring the truth, reconciling for the future: Summary of the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Retrieved from http://nctr.ca/assets/ reports/Final%20Reports/ Executive_Summary_English_Web.pdf
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Barton, H., & Grant, M. (2006). A health map for the local human habitat. The Journal for the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 126(6), 252-253. doi:10.1177/1466424006070466
Benyshek, D. C., Martin, J. F., & Johnston, C. S. (2001). A reconsideration of the origins of the type 2 diabetes epidemic among Native Americans and the implications for intervention policy. Medical Anthropology, 20(1), 25-44. doi:10.1080/01459740.2001.9966186
Brave Heart, M. Y., & DeBruyn, L. M. (1998). The American Indian holocaust: Healing historical unresolved grief. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 8(2), 56-78. doi:10.5820/aian.0802.1998.60
Browne, A. J., Smye, V. L., & Varcoe, C. (2005). The relevance of postcolonial theoretical perspectives to research in Aboriginal health. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 37(4), 16-37.
Calma, T. (2009). A human rights based approach to social and emotional wellbeing. Australasian Psychiatry, 17(Suppl 1), S15–S19. doi:10.1080/10398560902948613
Cargo, M., Marks, E., Brimblecombe, J., Scarlett, M., Maypilama, E., Dhurrkay, J. G., & Daniel, M. (2011). Integrating an ecological approach into an Aboriginal community-based chronic disease prevention program: A longitudinal process evaluation. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 299-307. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-299
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (March 2014). The 10 essential public health services: An overview. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nphpsp/documents/ essential-phs.pdf
Chambers, D. A., Glasgow. R. E., & Stange, K. C. (2013). The dynamic sustainability framework: Addressing the paradox of sustainment amid ongoing change. Implementation Science, 8(1), 1. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-8-117
Darity, W. A. (2008). International encyclopedia of the social sciences. Detroit, MI: Macmillan.
Department of Health. (1988). Independent inquiry into inequalities in health. London, UK: Acheson.
Edwards, N., & Di Ruggiero, E. (2011). Exploring which context matters in the study of health inequities and their mitigation. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 39(Suppl 6), 43-49. doi:10.1177/1403494810393558
Frohlich, K. L., Ross, N., & Richmond, C. (2006). Health disparities in Canada today: Some evidence and a theoretical framework. Health Policy, 79(2-3), 132-43. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.12.010
Gittelsohn, J., Davis, S. M., Steckler, A., Ethelbah, B., Clay, T., Metcalfe, L., & Rock, B. H. (2003) Pathways: Lessons learned and future directions for school-based interventions among American Indians. Preventive Medicine, 37(6 Pt 2), S107–S112.
Goldwag, A. (2007). 'Isms & 'ologies: All the movements, ideologies and doctrines that have shaped our world. New York, NY: Vintage.
Gunderson, L., & Folke, C. (2005). Resilience – Now more than ever. Ecology and Society, 10(2), 22. Retrieved from http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol10/iss2/art22/
Hagey, R. (1989). The Native Diabetes Program: Rhetorical process and praxis. Medical Anthropology, 12(1), 7-33. doi:10.1080/01459740.1989.9966009
Haikimi, A. (2010, August 10). The new world of emergent architecture and complex adaptive systems. Retrieved from http://blogs.msdn.com/b/zen/archive/2010/08/10/ the-new-world-of-emergent-architecture-and-complex-adaptive-systems.aspx
Ho, L. S., Gittelsohn, J., Harris S. B., & Ford, E. (2006). Development of an integrated diabetes prevention program with First Nations in Canada. Health Promotion International, 21(2), 88-97. doi:10.1093/heapro/dak003
Howard, H. A. (2014). Canadian residential schools and urban indigenous knowledge production about diabetes. Medical Anthropology, 33(6), 529-545. doi:10.1080/01459740.2013.828722
Ilott, I., Gerrish, K., Pownall, S., Eltringham, S., & Booth, A. (2013). Exploring scale-up, spread, and sustainability: An instrumental case study tracing an innovation to enhance dysphagia care. Implementation Science, 8(1), 128. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-8-128
Johnston, L., Doyle, J., Morgan, B., Atkinson-Briggs, S., Firebrace, B., Marika, M., … Rowley, K. (2013). A review of programs that targeted environmental determinants of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health. International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health, 10(8), 3518-3542. doi:10.3390/ijerph10083518
Kakekagumick, K. E., Naqshbandi, H. M., Harris, S. B., Saksvig, B., Gittelsohn, J., Manokeesic, G., … Hanley, A. J. (2013). Sandy lake health and diabetes project: A community-based intervention targeting type 2 diabetes and its risk factors in a First Nations community. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 4(170), 1-9. doi:10.3389/fendo.2013.00170
Krieger, N. (2011). Epidemiology and the people's health: Theory and context. International Journal of Epidemiology, 40(4), 1130-1132. doi:10.1093/ije/dyr075
Lehmann, D., Tennant, M. T., Silva, D. T., McAullay, D., Lannigan, F., Coates, H., & Stanley, F. J. (2003). Benefits of swimming pools in two remote Aboriginal communities in Western Australia: Intervention study. British Medical Journal, 327(7412), 415-419. doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7412.415
Lytle, L. A., & Fulkerson, J. A. (2002). Assessing the dietary environment: Examples from school-based nutrition interventions. Public Health Nutrition, 5(6A), 893-899. doi:10.1079/PHN2002384
Macaulay, A. C., Harris, S. B., Lévesque, L., Cargo, M., Ford, E., Salsberg, J.,…Receveur, O. (2003). Primary prevention of type 2 diabetes: Experiences of 2 Aboriginal communities in Canada. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 27(4), 464-475.
MacLean, L. M., Clinton K., Edwards, N., Garrard, M., Ashley L, Hansen-Ketchum, P., & Walsh, A. (2010). Unpacking vertical and horizontal integration: childhood overweight/ obesity programs and planning, a Canadian perspective. Implement Science, 5(1), 36-47. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-5-36
Mendenhall, E., Seligman, R. A., Fernandez, A., & Jacobs, E. A. (2010). Speaking through diabetes: Rethinking the significance of lay discourses on diabetes. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 24(2), 220-239. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1387.2010.01098.x
Mendenhall, E., Seligman, R. A., Fernandez, A., & Jacobs, E. A. (2010). Speaking through diabetes: Rethinking the significance of lay discourses on diabetes. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 24(2), 220-239. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1387.2010.01098.x
Merzel, C., & D’Afflitti, J. (2003). Reconsidering community-based health promotion: Promise, performance, and potential. American Journal of Public Health, 93(4), 557– 574.
Moore, S., Salsberg, J., & Leroux, J. (2013). Advancing social capital intervention from a network and population health perspective. In Ichiro, K., Soshi, T., & Subramanian, S.V. (Eds.) Global perspectives on social capital and health (189-203). New York, NY: Springer.
Ndumbe-Eyoh, S., & Moffatt, H. (2013). Intersectoral action for health equity: A rapid systematic review. BMC Public Health, 13, 1056. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1056
Neegan, E. (2005). Excuse me: Who are the first peoples of Canada? A historical analysis of Aboriginal education in Canada then and now. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 9(1), 3-15. doi:10.1080/1360311042000299757
Potvin, L., Cargo, M., McComber, A. M., Delormier, T., & Macaulay, A. C. (2003). Implementing participatory intervention and research in communities: lessons from the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project in Canada. Social Science & Medicine, 56(6), 1295-1305.
Public Health Agency of Canada. (2007, September 13). Strategic plan 2007-2012. Retrieved from http:// www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/2007/sp-ps/pdfs/ PHAC_StratPlan_E_WEB.pdf
Räsänen, M., Niinikoski, H., Keskinen, S., Helenius, H., Talvia, S., Rönnemaa, T.,…Simell, O. (2003) Parental nutrition knowledge and nutrient intake in an atherosclerosis prevention project: The impact of child-targeted nutrition counselling. Appetite, 41(1), 69-77.
Reilly, R. E., Cincotta, M., Doyle, J., Firebrace, B. R., Cargo, M., van den Tol, G., . . . Heart Health Project Steering Committee. (2011). A pilot study of Aboriginal health promotion from an ecological perspective. BMC Public Health, 11, 749-757. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-749
Robertson, L. H. (2006). The residential school experience: Syndrome or historic trauma. Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenous Community Health, 4(1), 1-28.
Rock, M. (2003). Sweet blood and social suffering: Rethinking cause-effect relationships in diabetes, distress, and duress. Medical Anthropology, 22(2), 131-174. doi:10.1080/01459740306764
Rose, G. (1985). Sick individuals and sick populations. International Journal of Epidemiology, 14(1), 32-38. doi:10.1093/ije/14.1.32
Rowley, K. G., Daniel, M., Skinner, K., Skinner, M., White, G.A., & O’Dea, K. (2000). Effectiveness of a community-directed healthy lifestyle program in a remote Australian Aboriginal community. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 24(2), 136-144. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2000.tb00133.x
Rowley, K. G., Su, Q., Cincotta, M., Skinner, M., Skinner, K., Pindan, B., . . . O’Dea, K. (2011). Improvements in circulating cholesterol, antioxidants, and homocysteine after dietary intervention in an Australian Aboriginal community. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(4), 442-448.
Saksvig, B. I., Gittelsohn, J., Harris, S. B., Hanley, A. J., Valente, T. W., & Zinman, B. (2005). A pilot school-based healthy eating and physical activity intervention improves diet, food knowledge, and self-efficacy for native Canadian children. Journal of Nutrition, 135(10), 2392-2398.
Scheper-Hughes, N., & Lock, M. M. (1987). The mindful body: A prolegomenon to future work in medical anthropology. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 1(1), 6-41. doi:10.1525/maq.1987.1.1.02a00020
Schoenberg, N. E., Drew, E. M., Stoller, E. P., & Kart, C. S. (2005). Situating stress: Lessons from lay discourses on diabetes. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 19(2), 171-193. doi:10.1525/maq.2005.19.2.171
Shaw, R. L., Holland, C., Pattison, H. M., & Cooke, R. (2016). Patients' perceptions and experiences of cardiovascular disease and diabetes prevention programmes: A systematic review and framework synthesis using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Social Science & Medicine, 156, 192-203. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.03.015.
Sheps, C. G. (1976). Higher education for public health: A report of the Milbank Memorial Fund Commission. New York, NY: PRODIST.
Stanford University. (n.d.). Medical anthropology. Retrieved from https://anthropology.stanford.edu/research-projects/medical-anthropology
Statistics Canada. (2012, October 24). Sandy Lake 88, Ontario (Code 3560071) and Kenora, Ontario (Code 3560) (table). Census Profile. 2011 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-XWE. Retrieved from http:// www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/ prof/index.cfm?Lang=E
Swinburn, B. A., Sacks, G., Hall, K. D., McPherson, K., Finegood, D. T., Moodie, M. L., & Gortmaker, S.L. (2011). The global obesity pandemic: Shaped by global drivers and local environments. Lancet, 378(9793), 804-814. doi:10.1016/ S0140-6736(11)60813-1
Tabak, R. G., Sinclair, K. A., Baumann, A. A., Racette, S. B., Sebert Kuhlmann, A., Johnson-Jennings, M. D., & Brownson, R. C. (2015). A review of diabetes prevention program translations: Use of cultural adaptation and implementation research. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 5(4), 401 -414. doi:10.1007/s13142-015-0341-0
Thrasher, J. F., Campbell, M. K., & Oates, V. (2004). Behavior-specific social support for healthy behaviors among African American church members: Applying optimal matching theory. Health Education Behavior, 31(2), 193-205. doi:10.1177/1090198103259184
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Honouring the truth, reconciling for the future: Summary of the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Retrieved from http://nctr.ca/assets/ reports/Final%20Reports/ Executive_Summary_English_Web.pdf
United Nations. (2008, March). United Nations declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/ DRIPS_en.pdf
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