Opioid Use in Chronic Pain Patients and Its Implications for Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease Onset: A Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18192/uojm.v15i2.7290Keywords:
dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, chronic pain, opioidAbstract
Objective: The aim of this narrative review was to examine the current literature on the effects of opioid use regarding the onset of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients with chronic pain.
Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using MESH and keywords searches across PUBMED, MEDLINE (OVID), and EMBASE databases. Studies were included if they evaluated both chronic pain and opioid use in relation to dementia or AD onset, reported dementia or AD as either primary or secondary outcomes, and employed primary qualitative or quantitative research designs. Exclusion criteria included articles not published in English, those focusing on acute pain without a chronic component, studies addressing general cognitive decline without specific mention of dementia or AD, and studies investigating opioid use without consideration of chronic pain or dementia/AD as an outcome.
Results: A total of six articles met the inclusion criteria. Most of the findings indicated an association between opioid use and the onset of dementia or AD in chronic pain patients, with a predominantly dose-dependent relationship, particularly in populations aged over 50. One study did not establish a causal link between opioid use and dementia onset, while another found an association between chronic pain and dementia independent of opioid use.
Conclusion: This review suggests that opioid use may be linked to an increased risk of dementia onset in chronic pain patients, predominantly in older populations, and that this relationship appears to be dose-dependent. However, further investigation is required to establish causality
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Objectif : L’objectif de cette étude de la portée était d’examiner la littérature actuelle sur les effets de la consommation d’opioïdes sur l’apparition de la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA), la forme la plus courante de démence, chez les patients souffrant de douleurs chroniques.
Méthodes : Une recherche documentaire exhaustive a été menée à l’aide de MESH et de mots-clés dans les bases de données PUBMED, MEDLINE (OVID) et EMBASE. Les études ont été incluses si elles évaluaient à la fois la douleur chronique et l’utilisation d’opioïdes en relation avec la démence ou l’apparition de la MA, si elles rapportaient la démence ou la MA comme résultat primaire ou secondaire, et si elles utilisaient des modèles de recherche qualitatifs ou quantitatifs primaires. Les critères d’exclusion comprenaient les articles non publiés en anglais, ceux portant sur la douleur aiguë sans composante chronique, les études traitant du déclin cognitif général sans mention spécifique de la démence ou de la MA, et les études examinant la consommation d’opioïdes sans tenir compte de la douleur chronique ou de la démence/MA comme résultat.
Résultats : Au total, six articles répondaient aux critères d’inclusion. La majorité des résultats indiquaient une association entre la consommation d’opioïdes et l’apparition de la démence ou de la MA chez les patients souffrant de douleur chronique, avec une relation généralement dose-dépendante, en particulier chez les populations âgées de plus de 50 ans. Une étude n’a pas établi de lien de causalité entre la consommation d’opioïdes et l’apparition de la démence, tandis qu’une autre a mis en évidence une association entre la douleur chronique et la démence indépendamment de la consommation d’opioïdes.
Conclusion : Cette étude suggère que la consommation d’opioïdes pourrait être associée à un risque accru de démence chez les patients souffrant de douleurs chroniques, principalement chez les personnes âgées, et que cette relation semble être dose-dépendante. Cependant, des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour établir un lien de causalité.
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