Asthma Prevalence in Canadian Indigenous Populations: A Systematic Review
Asthma in Indigenous Populations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18192/uojm.v16i1.7465Keywords:
Asthma prevalence, Asthma risk factors, Respiratory disease, Canadian indigenous, Canadian aboriginalAbstract
Asthma is a common respiratory disorder that disproportionately affects Indigenous Canadians, contributing to increased morbidity and healthcare disparities. Despite advances in understanding asthma pathophysiology, Indigenous populations experience a higher prevalence of asthma and poorer disease control due to social determinants of health. Limited research has explored the specific mechanisms through which these determinants affect asthma etiology and disease management within Indigenous communities. This review synthesizes existing evidence on asthma prevalence among Indigenous Canadians, examining the impact of socioeconomic status, geographic location, cultural barriers, and healthcare access. By identifying patterns in how social determinants contribute to asthma development and management, this review aims to inform strategies for improving respiratory health outcomes within Indigenous communities. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Medline OVID, and EMBASE using MeSH and keyword searches. Studies focusing on Canadian Indigenous populations and asthma epidemiology were included, while non-relevant and non-peer-reviewed articles were excluded. A total of 12 studies were analyzed, comprising cross-sectional surveys, cohort studies, and a randomized controlled trial. Findings indicate that asthma prevalence varies by sex, age, and with risk factors including overcrowded housing, low socioeconomic status, and limited healthcare access. Cultural barriers, such as the lack of Indigenous-centered asthma education, further hinder disease management. Addressing asthma disparities among Indigenous Canadians requires a multifaceted approach, including policy reforms, community-driven interventions, and the integration of culturally competent care. Incorporating Indigenous perspectives into national asthma frameworks can improve disease outcomes and respiratory health equity.
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L’asthme est une affection respiratoire courante qui affecte de manière disproportionnée les Autochtones du Canada, contribuant ainsi à une morbidité accrue et à des inégalités en matière de soins de santé. Malgré les progrès réalisés dans la compréhension de la physiopathologie de l’asthme, les populations autochtones présentent une prévalence plus élevée et un moins bon contrôle de la maladie en raison des déterminants sociaux de la santé. Toutefois, peu de recherches ont exploré les mécanismes spécifiques par lesquels ces déterminants influencent l’étiologie de l’asthme et la prise en charge de la maladie au sein des communautés autochtones. Cette revue synthétise les données existantes sur la prévalence de l’asthme chez les Autochtones canadiens, en examinant l’impact du statut socio-économique, de la situation géographique, des barrières culturelles et de l’accès aux soins de santé. En identifiant les schémas selon lesquels les déterminants sociaux contribuent au développement et à la prise en charge de l’asthme, cette revue vise à informer les stratégies pour améliorer les indicateurs de santé respiratoire au sein des communautés autochtones. Une recherche systématique a été menée dans PubMed, Medline OVID et EMBASE en utilisant MeSH et par mots-clés. Les études portant sur les populations autochtones canadiennes et l’épidémiologie de l’asthme ont été incluses, tandis que les articles non pertinents et non évalués par des pairs ont été exclus. Au total, 12 études ont été analysées, comprenant des enquêtes transversales, des études de cohorte et un essai contrôlé randomisé. Les résultats indiquent que la prévalence de l’asthme varie selon le sexe, l’âge et certains facteurs de risque, comme le surpeuplement des logements, un faible statut socio-économique et un accès limité aux soins de santé. Les barrières culturelles, telles que le manque de formation sur l’asthme axée sur les populations autochtones, entravent davantage la prise en charge de la maladie. Pour réduire les inégalités face à l’asthme chez les Autochtones du Canada, il faut adopter une approche multidimensionnelle, comprenant des réformes politiques, des interventions communautaires et l’intégration de soins adaptées à la culture. L’intégration des perspectives autochtones dans les cadres nationaux de lutte contre l’asthme peut améliorer les résultats de la maladie et l’équité en matière de santé respiratoire.
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