Misdirected eyelashes in a four-year-old girl with photophobia: Double the Trouble
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18192/uojm.v16i1.7515Keywords:
distichiasis, congenital eyelash disorder, photophobia, delayed diagnosisAbstract
One in ten thousand people are affected by distichiasis, a rare ocular abnormality whereby accessory eyelashes arise from or slightly posterior to the meibomian gland orifices. Given the non-specific symptoms, diagnosis is often missed or delayed, which can lead to corneal damage and compromise visual development in children. A 4-year-old girl was referred for longstanding, severe photophobia. Visual acuity was reduced (Snellen acuity 6/18 each eye). Gross inspection of the eyelid margin revealed an extra row of eyelashes emanating from the meibomian gland orifices in both the upper and lower eyelids bilaterally. Severe photophobia and diffuse bilateral punctate corneal epithelial erosions were also noted. The patient was diagnosed with congenital distichiasis which was repaired surgically using an eyelid-splitting technique with a combination of cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation of the accessory eyelashes. This case emphasizes the importance of gross inspection of the external ocular structures in children presenting with persistent ocular symptoms.
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Une personne parmi dix mille est atteinte de distichiasis, une anomalie oculaire rare caractérisée par la présence de cils accessoires poussant au niveau ou légèrement postérieur des orifices des glandes de Meibomius. Compte tenu des symptômes non spécifiques, le diagnostic est souvent manqué ou retardé, ce qui peut entraîner des lésions cornéennes et compromettre le développement visuel chez les enfants. Une fillette de 4 ans a été orientée en raison d’une photophobie sévère et de longue date. L’acuité visuelle était réduite (selon l’échelle de Snellen de 6/18 pour chaque œil). L’examen macroscopique du bord palpébral a révélé une rangée supplémentaire de cils émanant des orifices des glandes de Meibomius, au niveau des paupières supérieures et des paupières inférieures, de manière bilatérale. Une photophobie sévère et des érosions épithéliales cornéennes ponctuées diffuses bilatérales ont également été observées. La patiente a reçu un diagnostic de distichiasis congénital, qui a été corrigé chirurgicalement à l’aide d’une technique de fendage palpébral en combinaison avec la cryothérapie et ablation par radiofréquence des cils accessoires. Ce cas souligne l’importance de l’examen macroscopique des structures oculaires externes chez les enfants présentant des symptômes oculaires persistants.
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