Extensive chemical burns in a child from misuse of cantharidin: a case report

Contenu principal de l'article

Chloé Ward
Jiyeh Joo
Michele Ramien
Yvonne Ying

Résumé

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is typically a benign and self-limited viral infection affecting the skin. When treatment of MC is re- quested, application of cantharidin in a physician’s office is generally a safe, effective and commonly used treatment option for MC. Its misuse, however, can result in rare but significant adverse outcomes. This case report details an unfortunate incident of a child who developed a severe chemical burn as a result of misuse of Cantharidin 1% – Podophyllin – Salicylic Acid (Canthacur-PS) for the treatment of MC. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of physician familiarity with the poxvirus infection, the indications to treat MC in immunocompetent children, and the various treatment options, including the safe administration and potential complications of cantharidin. In children, cantharidin can easily and safely be applied to lesions in a non-traumatic and controlled manner in the physician’s office. Caregiver education on the post-treatment management and early signs of potential complications may also prevent similar adverse outcomes from cantharidin misuse.

RÉSUMÉ

Le molluscum contagiosum (MC) est une infection virale généralement bénigne et spontanément résolutive affectant la peau. L’application de cantharidine dans un cabinet de médecin est une option thérapeutique sécuritaire, efficace et couramment utilisée pour traiter le MC. Toutefois, son mauvais usage peut entraîner des effets indésirables rares, mais importants. Cette étude de cas décrit l’incident malheureux d’un enfant ayant développé une brûlure chimique sévère en réponse à un mauvais usage de Canthacur-PS, qui contient de la cantharidine 1 %, de la podophylline et de l’acide salicylique, pour le traitement du MC. En outre, elle met en évidence l’importance pour les médecins de bien connaître cette infection au poxvirus, les indications de traitement du MC chez les enfants immunocompétents, et les options de traitement disponibles, incluant l’administration sécuritaire et les complications possibles de la cantharidine. Chez les enfants, la cantharidine peut facilement être appliquée aux lésions de manière sécuritaire, contrôlée et non traumatique dans un cabinet de médecin. La formation des soignants sur la prise en charge post-traitement et les signes précurseurs de complications possibles à la suite d’un mauvais usage de la cantharidine pourrait également aider à prévenir des effets indésirables similaires. 

Renseignements sur l'article

Rubrique
Case Report & Elective report
Bibliographies de l'auteur-e

Chloé Ward, University of Ottawa

Chloé Ward MD

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital

Jiyeh Joo, University of Ottawa

2018 MD Candidate

University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine

Michele Ramien, University of Ottawa

Michele Ramien MD, FRCPC, DABD

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital

Yvonne Ying, University of Ottawa

Yvonne Ying MSE, MEd, MD, FRCSC

Division of Paediatric Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital

Références

1. Xiaoying C, Alex VA, Joachim J B. Molluscum contagiosum virus infection. The Lac Inf Disease. 2013;13(10):877-88.
2. Gottlieb S, Myskowski P. Molluscum contagiosum. Int J Dermatol. 1994;33(7):453-61.
3. Torbeck R, Pan M, de Moll E, Levitt J. Cantharidin: a comprehensive review of the clinical literature. Dermatol Online J. 2014;20(6):3.
4. Silverberg N. Pediatric molluscum contagiosum: optimal treatment strategies. Paediatr Drugs. 2003;5(8):505-12.
5. Cantharone. Dormer Products. Dormer – Cantharone Wart Removers [Internet]. Toronto (ON): Dormer Laboratories, Inc; 2015 [cited 2017 Jan 28]. Available from:
http://www.dormer.com/Cantharone/AccDetail.aspx?ID=9001-975M
6. Peter L. Warts, molluscum and things that go bump on the skin: a practical guide. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2007;92(4):119-24.
7. Silverberg N, Sidbury R, Mancini A. Childhood molluscum contagiosum: experience with cantharidin therapy in 300 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;43(3):503-7.
8. Coloe J, Morrell DS. Cantharidin use among pediatric dermatologists in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum. Pediatr Dermatol. 2009;26(4):405-8.
9. Cantharone. FDA Advisory Committees – Dockets [archival materials for years prior to 2009]. A. Ingredient Name: Cantharidin [Internet]. Silver Spring (MD): U.S. Food and Drug Administration; 1998 [cited 2017 Feb 10]. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/98/briefingbook/1998-
3454B1_02_18-BDL05.pdf
10. Hu L, Qiu XW. Deep chemical burn due to cantharidin: report of one case [Article in Chinese]. Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao. 2005;25(12):1592.
11. Mjönes S. Cantharides poisoning with esophageal burns in a 2-year-old boy [Article in Swedish]. Lakartidningen. 1972;69(20):2364-5.
12. Langley JM, Soder CM, Schliever PM, Murray S. Case report: molluscum contagiosum. Toxic shock synderome following cantharidin treatment. Can Fam Physician. 2003;49(7):887-9.